A Qualitative Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Cultural Beliefs Related to Kidney Health among Youth in Liberia

Abstract

Background: Kidney disease is a new public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, but nothing is known regarding how young populations perceive and act on kidney health issues. Cultural beliefs, lifestyle habits, and restricted health education among Liberian youth might influence awareness and behavior regarding kidney function and kidney disease prevention. This research examines knowledge, attitudes, and cultural beliefs about kidney health among Liberian youth from different urban and peri-urban communities. Methodology: A qualitative design was used, with 470 Liberian young people aged between 15–35 years recruited from ten communities in Montserrado, Bong, and Grand Bassa counties. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with a researcher-developed interview guide. Selection of participants occurred through purposive and snowball sampling to attain representation by gender, education status, and socio-economic status. Interviews were taken in English and Liberian English, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was utilized, with inductive coding used to find patterns and emerging themes. NVivo computer software was used to support organization and qualitative data analysis. Trustworthiness in research was assured through member checking, peer debriefing, and triangulation. Results The study results indicated extensive knowledge gaps regarding kidney function and disease prevention. Most respondents linked kidney issues with religious, alcohol, or cultural diet factors. The attitudes of participants toward kidney health were marked by low perceived vulnerability and little regular practice of preventive measures like hydration and medical testing. Health-seeking practices were very much under the influence of cultural beliefs, and herbal remedies and traditional healers were greatly preferred over biomedical care. Peer influence, financial constraints, and misinformation were main obstacles to timely detection and treatment. Conclusion: The research highlights the critical necessity for culturally appropriate health education and community awareness schemes specifically focused on Liberian youth and kidney health. Closing knowledge gaps and reframing attitudes by youth-oriented interventions could potentially decrease the long-term kidney disease burden in Liberia.